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Objective@#To understand and compare the differences in help-seeking behavior among junior high school students and senior high school students and their association with non-suicidal self-injury to provide a basis for the prevention and control of non-suicidal self-injury among middle school students.@*Methods@#Three middle schools in Nanchang were selected,and the survey were conducted among 4 434 students through the General Situation Questionnaire, the Ottawa Self-injury Judgment Entry, and the Middle School Students Help Seeking Behavior Questionnaire, and SPSS 22.0 was used for statistical analysis.@*Results@#The NSSI detection rate among middle school students was 33.3% , and junior high school students detection rate(36.0%) were higher than high school students(29.6%) (χ 2=19.41，P<0.01). Differences in willingness to ask for help, asking for help from family and teachers, and talking face-to-face for help were statistically significant (all P<0.01) among NSSI participants and non-NSSI participants, for both junior high school and high school students. Females (OR=1.45), class cadres (OR=1.26), urban household registration (OR=1.45), frequent scolding by elders (OR=1.98) and a high academic burden (OR=1.39) all possible increased the risk of NSSI in junior high school students, while assistance to family members (OR=0.95) or teachers (OR=0.95) possible reduced the risk of NSSI in junior high school students. Females (OR=1.50), class cadres (OR=1.34), only children (OR=1.45), fathers with college education and above (compared to junior high school and below) (OR=1.56), frequent scolding by elders (OR=2.08), frequent corporal punishment from elders (OR=4.12) and high academic burden (OR=1.38) possibly increased the risk of NSSI among high school students, while willingness to ask for help (OR=0.82), asking for help from family (OR=0.95) and teachers (OR=0.96) possible reduced the risk of NSSI among high school students.@*Conclusion@#There are some differences in help-seeking behavior between junior and high school students, and school and parents should actively focus on middle school students help-seeking behavior and encourage them to seek help.
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To study the clinical and pathological characteristics and prognostic factors of primary breast diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (PBDLBCL). Methods: Clinical and pathological data of 62 patients with PBDLBCL from January 2006 to December 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. The Kaplan-Meier method was used for univariate analysis and the Cox regression model for multivari-ate analysis. Results: The 62 patients analyzed included women aged 26-71 years, with a median age of 47 years. Patients were fol-lowed up from 6 to 105 months; the 3-year overall survival (OS) rate was 71.0%, and 5-year OS rate was 51.0%. The univariate analysis showed statistically significant differences in the clinical stage, lactic acid dehydrogenase level, International Prognostic Index score, Myc/Bcl-2 protein expression, and chemotherapy regimen at 3 and 5 years associated with OS rates. The multivariate analysis showed that Myc/Bcl-2 protein expression was an independent prognostic factor of OS. Conclusions: Comprehensive treatment with chemo-therapy and radiotherapy is appropriate for PBDLBCL. Myc/Bcl-2 protein expression is an independent adverse prognostic factor for PB-DLBCL.
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ObjectiveCorrect identification of the blood type is an important prerequisite for ensuring the safety of clinical blood transfusion. This study was to explore the causes of blood type discrepancy of blood donors between preliminary screening and recheck and to propose some countermeasures for the reduction of errors.MethodsThis retrospective study included 114 398 cases of blood donation from 2009 to 2015. The blood types of the donors were preliminarily screened with the paper board and rechecked after blood collection. We investigated the causes and number of errors in preliminary blood type screening and analyzed the failure rates in the high-temperature months (July, August and September), low-temperature months (December, January and February), and moderate-temperature months (the other six months).ResultsPreliminary blood type screening errors occurred in 164 of the cases, 157 (95.73%) in blood group identification, mainly misidentification of type B antigen (43.95%) and type A antigen (23.5%). The rate of blood group identification errors was significantly higher in the high-temperature than in the low- and moderate-temperature months (0.19% vs 0.12% and 0.12%, P<0.05).ConclusionMisidentification of types B and A antigens and high-temperature environment are the main causes of the errors in preliminary blood type screening for blood donors.
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Objective To prepare isophenylcyclopentylamine hydrochloride capsules and evaluate its quality. Methods The suitable excipients were selected by the drug-excipient compatibility test,and after the formulation and preparation process design and screening,the micromeritic property and hygroscopicity of contents of capsules as well as the basic performance and stability of is-ophenylcyclopentylamine hydrochloride capsules were evaluate. Results The selected formulation was composed of isophenylcyclo-pentylamine hydrochloride 10 mg,anhydrous dibasic calcium phosphate 128.7 mg,mannitol 128.7 mg and aerosil 2.7 mg.The angle of repose of intermediate powders was(30.71±1.09)°,aerated and packed bulk densities were(0.76±0.01)and(0.90±0.02)g/ml re-spectively,Hausner value was 1.19±0.01,Carr′s index was(15.86±1.05)%,indicating good flowability and filling property as well as relatively low humidity.The contents,uniformity of contents and dissolution of capsules fulfilled the requirements.The quality of ca-pusles kept well in the 6-month accelerated and long-term stability test.Conclusion The formulation is simple and reasonable,and the preparation process showed a good reproducibility,which might be suitable for industrialization.
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This study was aimed to reveal current achievements and the future trend about Chinese materia medica (CMM) processing, which pointed future research direction for scholars.“CMM processing” was used as the subject term in document retrieval to the Web of Science (WoS) and CNKI. The CitespaceII and Ucinet & Netdraw were used to build mapping knowledge domains to acceptable both English and Chinese literature data. The results showed that the mapping knowledge for“CMM processing” for co-citation, source journal, author, key words and so on were established. It was concluded that the rapid present period of Chinese literature on CMM processing was earlier for around 15 years than English literature. And the total amount of English documents was much less than Chinese documents. Combing the developing process of CMM, it revealed its current achievements and future trend, which pointed future research direction for scholars, and moreover it put forward new thinking and method to summarize or expand traditional medicine and related research fields.
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Objective To study the mechanisms of vertebrae semi-dislocation of Tuina manipulation for treating patients with lumbar intervertebral disc protrusion (LIDP) by observing the three-dimensional (3D) displacement of lumbar before and after Tuina manipulation. Methods Ten LIDP patients were selected and evenly divided into two groups: Group 1 as tendon-smoothing manipulation group (relaxing group), Group 2 as tendon-smoothing plus adjusting manipulation group (adjusting group). Besides, Group 3 as control group was established by 5 healthy volunteers treated with tendon-smoothing manipulation. Before and after manipulation intervention, all subjects were scanned from L1 to L5 segment by using Philips 64 spiral CT under equal conditions for accessing the volume data. ITK reconstruction software was used to reconstruct each lumbar skeleton for finite element analysis. The 3D displacements and angular displacements among three groups were compared. Results 3D displacement from L1 to L5 segment all changed in three groups. For adjusting group, the angular displacements at X-axis in L3 segment was (1.77±0.46)°, and that in L4 segment at X-axis and Y-axis was (1.78±0.53)° and (1.89±0.75)°, respectively, which was significantly larger than relaxing group and control group (P<0.05); the angular displacements at X-axis from L1 to L5 segment were (1.50±0.47)°, (1.55±0.57)°, (1.77±0.46)°, (1.78±0.53)°, (1.61±0.39)°, respectively, which were significantly larger than control group (P<0.05); displacement at Y-axis in L3 segment was (2.87±0.74) mm, and that at X-axis in L4 segment was (1.68±0.64) mm, which were significantly larger than relaxing group and control group (P<0.05); displacement at X-axis in L1, L4 and L5 segment was (1.28±0.21),（1.68±0.64）, (1.30±0.51） mm, and that at Y-axis in L1 to L3 segment was (1.92±0.42), (2.25±0.61), (2.87±0.74) mm, which was significantly larger than control group (P<0.05). The angular displacements and displacements of L1 to L5 segment in relaxing group were larger than those in control group, but without any significant differences. Conclusions Compared with relaxing manipulation, adjusting manipulation played a more obvious adjusting role in instability and degenerative lumbar vertebra, especially for angular displacements in X-axis, and displacements in X-axis and Y-axis. Namely, the mechanisms of vertebrae semi-dislocation of adjusting manipulation were to make horizontal and rotational displacements at lumbar vertebra other than upper and lower displacement. The effect of relaxing manipulation was not so obvious on lumbar structure of LIDP patients.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the integrated application of sales of child-specific over-the-counter (OTC) cold related medications in retail pharmacies and healthcare visits of children for influenza-like illness (ILI) in surveillance and early warning of influenza among children.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>An integrated surveillance system (ISS) was implemented since 2012 in Qianjiang County, a rural area in Hubei Province of China. The daily information from August 1, 2012 to February 28, 2013 of health care visits of children for ILI reported by 80 health facilities and sales of 14 child-specific over-the-counter (OTC) cold related medications reported by 11 pharmacies were extracted from ISS database. Cumulative sums (CUSUM) model was conducted to analyze the degree of fitting and the early warning signal generated; the correlationship was then analyzed further.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In 212 days, 983 visits of children for ILI and 12 819 sales by person of child-specific OTC were reported. Conducting CUSUM model, the fitting degree was in the acceptable range, 31 warning signals were generated from ILI data series with 3 peak periods and 14 from OTC data series with 2 peak periods. A similar time trend of two data series was observed with a correlation(r = 0.497, P < 0.05), but without any spatial clustering. And the optimal correlation(r = 0.505, P < 0.05) appeared at a time offset of 4 days preceded by OTC sales.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The availability of integrated surveillance system for symptoms could be applied for surveillance of influenza among children; while it could explore the possibility of real epidemic in the very early stage.</p>
Subject(s)
Child , Humans , China , Epidemiology , Disease Outbreaks , Influenza, Human , Epidemiology , Nonprescription Drugs , Population SurveillanceABSTRACT
Adult rats chronic unpredictable stress model of depression (CUS) was adopted to elucidate the antidepressant pharmacological activity and related neurogenesis protective effect of the total flavonoids extract (licorice flavonoids, LF) from the Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. cultivated locally in Ningxia. The rats were exposed to 9 kinds of unpredictable sequence of stressors and were given flavonoids (300 mg x kg(-1), 100 mg x kg(-1) and 30 mg x kg(-1)) for 28 days. The antidepressant effect was elucidated by open field test, forced swimming test and tail suspension test. The level of serum corticosterone was detected by radioimmunoassay. 5'-Bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) labeling experiments was employed to study the neurogenesis protective activities. The flavonoids can increase the sum of line crosses and number of rears, and decrease the number of fecal boli produced in the open field test of the CUS rats. Also the flavonoids can decrease the immobility time in forced swim test as well as in the tail suspension test. In addition, the flavonoids (300 mg x kg(-1)) can decrease the serum corticosterone level of the CUS rats, and increase the number of the new born BrdU positive progenitor cells at the subgranular zone (SGZ) of dentate gyrus (DG) region in hippocampus. The results demonstrated that the total flavonoids extract from the cultivated Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. could produce the anti-depressive effect on chronic unpredictable stress of depression model rats and its mechanism may be associated with its neurogenesis protective effect.